Viceroy’s Arch is a historic stone archway located in Old Goa, built in 1599 by Dom Francisco da Gama, the great-grandson of the legendary Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama. It once served as the grand ceremonial entrance for Portuguese viceroys arriving in Goa, symbolizing the start of their official tenure. As they entered the city through this majestic arch, they were greeted with rituals and honors, reinforcing the colonial power structure of the time.

Architecturally, the arch is crafted from laterite stone, with an imposing design that features classical European elements. On the river-facing side stands a statue of Vasco da Gama in full royal regalia, overlooking the Mandovi River, a tribute to his pivotal role in establishing the sea route to India. Originally, the city-facing side featured a now-removed statue of St. Catherine, the patron saint of Old Goa.

Though the arch collapsed in 1948 due to natural wear, it was reconstructed in 1954 and remains an important part of Goa’s heritage. Today, Viceroy’s Arch stands as a solemn reminder of the region’s colonial past and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Old Goa. Surrounded by grand churches and colonial landmarks, it continues to attract history lovers and travelers seeking to explore Goa’s layered past.

Table of Contents

History of Viceroy’s Arch

Viceroy’s Arch in Old Goa was constructed in 1599 by Dom Francisco da Gama, the great-grandson of Vasco da Gama, to honor his ancestor’s pioneering voyage to India. Serving as the ceremonial gateway to Old Goa, the arch marked the traditional entry point for newly appointed Portuguese viceroys arriving by sea. Upon passing through it, they would be formally welcomed and given the symbolic keys to the city.

The arch symbolizes the Portuguese imperial authority in Goa during the colonial era and was a prominent monument in official processions and state ceremonies. The river-facing side displays a regal statue of Vasco da Gama, while the opposite side originally featured St. Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of Goa, though the statue has since been removed.

Over time, the arch suffered damage from natural elements and collapsed in 1948. It was rebuilt in 1954, though some original features, like the third tier with St. Catherine’s figure, were not restored. Today, it stands preserved under the Archaeological Survey of India and remains a powerful reminder of Goa’s colonial past, blending history, architecture, and symbolism in one iconic structure.

Architecture of Viceroy’s Arch

Viceroy’s Arch is a striking example of Portuguese colonial architecture, blending European classical elements with local building materials. Originally built in 1599 using laterite stone, the structure features a grand arched passage that once served as the ceremonial gateway to Old Goa.

Key Architectural Features:

1. Material:

The arch is primarily constructed from laterite, a locally available reddish stone, known for its durability in Goa’s tropical climate. The river-facing façade is clad with green granite, adding contrast and a sense of grandeur.

2. Design Elements:

The arch has a triumphal arch style, influenced by classical Roman architecture, with a central arch flanked by pilasters and ornamental carvings.

3. Statues and Symbolism:

The top of the arch on the river-facing side features a statue of Vasco da Gama, dressed in royal Portuguese attire, symbolizing his pivotal role in discovering the sea route to India.

The city-facing side originally featured a statue of St. Catherine of Alexandria, standing atop a defeated figure symbolizing the conquest of Goa. This statue was removed during the arch’s restoration.

4. Dimensions:

The structure stands approximately 12 meters high, offering a commanding presence at the edge of the Mandovi River.

5. Restoration Changes:

After its collapse in 1948, the arch was reconstructed in 1954, though the uppermost tier and some decorative elements were not fully restored. Despite these changes, the essential structure and historical symbolism have been preserved. After its collapse in 1948, the arch was reconstructed in 1954, though the uppermost tier and some decorative elements were not fully restored. Despite these changes, the essential structure and historical symbolism have been preserved.

Opening Timings – Viceroy’s Arch

Open Daily
Timings: 7:30 AM to 6:00 PM
There is no entry fee, and the site is open to the public throughout the day. It’s best to visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and crowds, especially if you’re combining it with other nearby monuments in Old Goa.

What to Explore at Viceroy’s Arch

While Viceroy’s Arch may appear modest in size, it holds great historical and architectural significance. Here’s what you can explore during your visit:

1. The Arch Structure Itself

Admire the triumphal arch design, built in 1599, representing Portuguese colonial power.
Notice the laterite stone construction and contrasting green granite façade on the river-facing side.

2. Statue of Vasco da Gama

Look up to see a statue of Vasco da Gama standing in royal attire on top of the arch facing the Mandovi River.
Symbolizes the Portuguese explorer’s arrival in India and maritime dominance.

3. Carvings and Inscriptions

Observe the ornamental detailing, old emblems, and possibly faded inscriptions that reflect Goa’s colonial past.
The historical artwork adds insight into the imperial and religious symbolism of that time.

4. Former Niche of St. Catherine

On the city-facing side, there once stood a statue of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of Old Goa.
Though the statue is now removed, you can still see the niche where it stood.

5. View of the Mandovi River

The location provides beautiful views of the Mandovi River and its ferry point, connecting to nearby islands like Divar.
A great spot for photography and peaceful riverside moments.

Travel Tips for Visiting Viceroy’s Arch

1. Visit during Cooler Hours

Plan your visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and harsh lighting for photography.
Ideal time: 8:00 AM to 10:30 AM or 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM

2. Carry a Camera or Smartphone

The arch, with its riverside backdrop and historic charm, is great for photography.
Capture both sides—the statue of Vasco da Gama on the river side and the niche of St. Catherine on the city-facing side.

3. Wear Comfortable Footwear

Old Goa has multiple historical sites within walking distance, so wear comfortable walking shoes or sandals.

4. Stay Sun-Protected

Carry sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat, especially in summer.
Bring a water bottle to stay hydrated while exploring.

5. Respect the Monument

Do not climb or lean on the structure.
Avoid littering—help preserve its historical integrity.

6. Facilities Nearby

Basic shops and local eateries are available in Old Goa.
Public washrooms are available near larger monuments like the Archaeological Museum or Basilica of Bom Jesus.

Nearby Attractions to Viceroy’s Arch, Old Goa

Viceroy’s Arch is located in the heart of Old Goa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site filled with impressive colonial-era churches, museums, and historical monuments. Here are the top nearby attractions you can explore:

1. Sé Cathedral

One of the largest churches in Asia
Built in Portuguese-Gothic style with a stunning façade and richly adorned interiors
Houses the Golden Bell, the largest in Goa: 2–3 min walk from the Arch

2. Basilica of Bom Jesus

Famous for housing the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier
Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A masterpiece of Baroque architecture with a richly decorated interior: 5 min walk

3. Church of St. Cajetan

Modeled after St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Notable for its grand dome, Corinthian columns, and intricate altar designs: Just opposite or beside Viceroy’s Arch

4. Archaeological Museum of Goa

Housed in the former convent of St. Francis of Assisi
Displays artifacts, Portuguese weapons, sculptures, and portraits of viceroys: 3–5 min walk

5. Church of Our Lady of the Rosary

Among the oldest churches in Goa, built in a mix of Gothic and Manueline styles
Simple but historically significant for being close to where Vasco da Gama once stood: 10–12 min walk

6. Mandovi River & Ferry Point

Scenic riverside spot near the arch
You can take a ferry to Divar Island for a peaceful local village experience: 2 min walk

7. Chapel of St. Catherine

Marks the site where the Portuguese first entered Goa in 1510
Modest yet important for its historical value: 2–3 min walk

How to Reach Viceroy’s Arch, Goa

Viceroy’s Arch is located in Old Goa, near some of the most prominent heritage monuments in the state. It is easily accessible from various parts of Goa by road and public transport.

1. By Road:

From Panaji (Panjim):

~10 km | 20–25 minutes via NH748

From Vasco da Gama:

~28 km | 45–50 minutes via NH66 and NH748

From Mapusa:

~20 km | 35–40 minutes via NH66

From Calangute/Baga:

~30 km | 50–60 minutes via Chogm Road or NH66

2. By Bus:

Local buses from Panaji and nearby towns like Margao or Mapusa frequently go to Old Goa Bus Stand, which is within walking distance of the Arch.

Budget-friendly and well-connected but may be less frequent in the evenings.

3. By Ferry (Optional Scenic Route):

Take a ferry from Divar Island to Old Goa Ferry Terminal.
The Arch is a short walk from the ferry point, making it a scenic and peaceful alternative route.

Viceroy’s Arch